Introduction The purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the competences of the managers of child care centers. In recent years, childhood and its significance have been addressed by scientists from all fields of science and have shown the impact of care quality and education of early childhood in all aspects of the individual and social life; this has led to the policymakers paying special attention to childhood. One of these policies is to select and train effective managers in line with the objectives of academic education, government policies and the social environment governing the care and education of children, too this endeavor may also meet the needs of families and society. However staff of child care centers need training in modern management which requires that managers should have the required knowledge and skills needed for the successful management of child care. Method This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and Delphi method. The statistical society consisted of two parts: (1). International databases and magazines, national laws and regulations on the management of child care and education centers. (2). Professors and experts who have knowledge and information in this field were contacted, and their ideas were used to extract the components and concepts. First, the information needed to extract the components and competency components of the managers of child care and education centers was studied using theoretical literature and international research, bearing an the subject. Subsequently, In order to complement the extracted codes, by invoking the experts help components and subcomponent of the child-centers managers, componences were pinned down using Delphi method in three stages. the components and codes of competencies of the managers of child care and education centers were extracted from related documents and related texts. After three steps of the Delphi method and reconnection to the experts, the components and codes were recognized and approved. Results Finally 43 subcomponents and four main components were extracted. The foure main components regarding the competencies of child care centers managers were: knowledge, personality tracts, personal abilities and skills. Kindergarten administrators, as responsible for all internal affairs of kindergarten, should have special, human and moral measures for caring and development of all children. Activities that go even beyond the home of kindergarten. In order to achieve this level of education in the field of daycare, it is essential to gain the skills, personality, knowledge and ability of the managers of these centers.

Background: Regular body mass index (BMI) screenings in schools is important to ensure that 3- to 6-year-old children are not negatively affected by obesity in terms of their current and future health.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the overweight and obesity results of 3- to 6-year-old children and to guide children and their family in making healthier dietary choices by informing them.Methods: This analytical-descriptive study was conducted in Corum, Turkey, in the year 2011. The study’s sample consisted of all available 3- to 6-year-old children entering nursery school (specifically, the Buharaevler, Karsıyaka, Nasrettin Hoca, Ulukavak, Mimar Sinan, and Sevgi nursery schools). Findings from the study were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 program. The Chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) program were used in the comparison of study data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: It was determined that 9.5% of the participating female children and 5.2% of the male children were underweight and that the boys were more obese than the girls in general. The correlation between the child’s gender and their BMI was not found to be statistically significant (P-value>0.05). The overweight frequency of the children was 12.1%, and the obesity frequency was 14.3%.Furthermore, it was determined that the obesity rates of the children increased with their age. Accordingly, the correlation between the child’s age and BMI was found to be statistically significant (P-value<0.05).Conclusions: An approach to preventing obesity must not be enacted only in health centers. Schools should also offer information and resources for families in order to prevent obesity in children.

This qualitative study is conducted to answer four questions: First, whether there is a difference between the grammatical competence development of a group of children aged 2.6 (two years and six months) and a group of children aged 3.6 (three years and six months). Second, whether there is a significant difference between the two age groups concerning their Mean Length of Utterance (MLU). Third, whether there is a relationship between the children’s MLU and that of the caretakers. Fourth, whether the normal limit proposed by Brown (1973) is observed in the acquisition of Persian. To this end, languagesamples of six children and their caretakers’ were recorded during a six-week period and studied afterwards. The results indicated neither an unequivocal yes nor a definitive no answer to the question of age difference and grammatical competence development, that is to say, in some cases there was a difference whereas in some other cases there was no difference at all. As for the difference between the two age groups concerning their MLU, there was a significant difference between the two. However, no significant relationship was found between the children’s MLU and their caretakers’. Finally, the limit proposed by Brown (1973) was observed in the acquisition of Persian.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of crossbite and the role of promary canines interferences as a predisposing factor.Materials and Methods: The sample group was 3-5 years old children from nursery schools in Tehran. 1355 children were randomly selected and examined.Results: The reresult showed that the prevalence of crossbite was %7.4 with confidence interval of %8.4-6.4 for %95.Among these children %4.4 had ant crossbite, %2.3 had unilateral post crossbite, %1.3 had bilateral post crossbite and %0.6 of total had both anterior and posterior crossbite. %66 of crossbite cases showed premature contact in primary canines.Conclusion:  Analysis of data with chi-square test showed that there is a significant relationship between unilateral posterior crossbite and primary canines interferences.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to compare of fine motor development in urban and rural preschool children.Materials and Methods: Ninety-seven normal pre-school children participated in this study (n=97), including 57 urban and 40 rural children, (n1=57, n2=40). To assess fine motor skills 6 evaluation methods were used, the assessments were: scissoring a direct line and a curve, moderate movement tests, coloring in by pencils, difficult fine motor test and dotting. For analysis of data t test was used to determine significant differences between the two groups (urban and rural).Results: In the two assessment methods, difficult fine motor test and dotting, there was significant differences between the two groups; showing rural children had more success in doing the tasks.In the other four evaluation methods, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Rural children had more success to carry out fine motor skills when compared to urban children, requiring revision of educational pre-school programme especially in the field of motor skills.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere and the academic vitality of elementary school boys in non-profit and normal schools in Qain city. Method: The method of this research was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of this research included all elementary students of non-profit and normal schools in Qain city in the academic year of 2023-2024. From among the statistical population, 114 students (57 regular students and 57 male students from non-profit schools) were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Barry, Betty and Watt (2004) School Belonging Questionnaire, Reddy and Rhodes (2007) Perception of School Atmosphere Questionnaire and Martin and Marsh (2008) Academic Vitality Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the research data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: The results of the research data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of feeling of belonging to school, perception of school atmosphere and academic vitality in non-profit and normal school students (p<0.005). In other words, the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere, and the academic vitality of non-profit students are more than the students of normal schools.Conclusion:The results of this research showed that the scores of normal students in the studied variables are lower than those of non-profit students, so normal schools should provide training to strengthen academic variables

Introduction. Clinical teaching is one of the important pillars of nursing education. Half of the nursing schools teaching time goes to clinical education;so, the clinical education is the heart and major part of professional nursing education and plays an important role in formation of nursing profession identity.The current system of nursing clinical education relies more on retention of information and lecturer plays the main and central role. The main purpose of nursing education is to apply theoretical classes of cases learned by students in the clinical environment and increasing the real power and decision making in the real and acute condition. Although the clinical education has many benefits, its implementation is facing difficulties and obstacles that should be overcome to achieve better effect and effective enforcement.Conclusion. Facilities, equipment of clinical environment and reviewing tools and clinical processes evaluation must be provided for clinical education of nursing. Improving the performance of trainers and attract teachers professional collaboration can be advantegous to upgrade the clinical education.

Objectives: mental health is One of the important indices of health evaluation in different Societies. Nursery teachers have great role in development of Psychological and also physical health of kindergarden,s children. So their mental status must to be attentioned. This study was designed to assess nursery school,s teachers in Qom city in 2009. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. 196 nursing teachers evaluated by SCL-90-R and a demographic questionnarie and analysed through SPSS software.Results: Most of the teachers didn,t have mental disorder. The most complains were paranoid ideation, obssession, anxiety and bodily complains. There were no meaningful difference between age, marrital status, level of education and mental status. Hostility was related to work for over 10 years in kindergarden. Conclusion: A mental disorder is prevalent in kindrgarden teachers. It necessitates focusing on their mental health, providing consultation services and looking for factors related to mental complains.